Free Flash Cs3 Website TemplatesCreate Photoshop Templates For Photo Effects. Written by Steve Patterson. Smart Objects were first introduced in Photoshop CS2, and Photoshop CS3 takes them even further with Smart Filters. Both of these recent additions to Photoshop have the potential to completely change how you work inside the program, since they give you an amazing level of flexibility that simply doesn't exist without them. To get the most from this tutorial, you'll need to have Photoshop CS3, since it's the only version of Photoshop (so far anyway) that comes with Smart Filters, although you can still do quite a bit simply with Photoshop CS2 and Smart Objects. Of course, you can still read through the tutorial even if you have an older version of Photoshop, if only to see what sort of features you'll be getting if and when you decide to upgrade. A collection of website templates / wordpress themes / woocommerce themes / drupal themes / shopping cart templates / powerpoint themes. A collection of inks to Photoshop CS3 tutorials, including free Photoshop CS3 video tutorials. Buy flash game template with to make flash games yourself for online playing on website or offline playing on PC directly. The flash game templates (.FLA) with actionscript will be emailed to you once the order is processed. Dreamweaver Tutorial: How to Add a Navigation Menu Bar to Your Website in Dreamweaver CS3 (Part 4) by Christopher Heng, thesitewizard.com. In the previous chapter of this Dreamweaver tutorial, we added a simple. Provides editable source code files of interactive Flash Maps. Including maps for U.S., Canada, Europe, Asia, Africa and World Maps. Photoshop Cs3 Website TemplatesWhat are Smart Objects and Smart Filters? If you've ever used a page layout program before, you'll be familiar with how Smart Objects work. When you convert an image into a Smart Object in Photoshop, you're no longer working on the image itself, even though it still looks like you are. Instead, you're working on a reference to the image, with the actual image stored safely in a separate file that Photoshop creates. The Smart Object is basically a container that displays the reference to the actual image. This is what allows us to create templates from Photoshop documents that use Smart Objects, since when we're done creating our effect with the original image, we can tell Photoshop to simply replace the image inside the Smart Object container with a different image, or more precisely, we tell Photoshop to reference a different image, and just like that, Photoshop swaps one image with another and the entire effect is instantly recreated using the new image, without having to redo any of the work! So what are Smart Filters then? Essentially, they're the same as Photoshop's regular filters that we find under the Filter menu in the Options Bar. In fact, they're exactly the same. The only difference, as we'll see, is that when you apply a filter to a Smart Object, Photoshop converts it into a ! Normally, when you apply one of Photoshop's filters to an image, the image itself is physically altered by the filter, and if you want to change the filter settings, you'd have to undo your steps all the way back to just before you applied the filter (assuming you haven't run out of History states) and then apply it again with the new settings. Not so with Smart Filters! With a Smart Filter, you can go back at any time, change the settings in the filter's dialog box, and have the new settings applied to the image instantly without damaging or even touching the image in any way. If you're familiar with how Adjustment Layers work in Photoshop, Smart Filters work essentially the same way. As I mentioned, ideally you'll have Photoshop CS3 for this tutorial, but there's still plenty of things you can do when creating photo. Photoshop CS2 and Smart Objects. In fact, the only thing you can't do with Photoshop CS2 is apply a filter to a Smart Object, at least not if you still want to be able to use the effect as a photo template. A couple of things to point out before we begin. First, even though we'll be creating a simple photo effect here, one that works very well with wedding photography, the effect itself is not the focus of this tutorial, although you're certainly free to recreate the same effect if you choose. The purpose of this Photoshop tutorial is to show you how to go about creating an effect using Smart Objects and Smart Filters so that you can then apply the knowledge to your own photo template creations. Second, in order to use a different photo with the template, it's important that the new photo matches the original in terms of image size, orientation, and resolution. If the original photo used was an 8x. If you're simply using photos you took yourself with the same digital camera and haven't resized or cropped them, then all you'll need to make sure of it that you don't try to replace a photo in portrait orientation (taller than it is wide) with one in landscape orientation (wider than it is tall). If you need more information on image resolution and document sizes, be sure to visit our Digital Photo Essentials section of the website. Let's get started! Step 1: Open The First Image You Want To Use. Before we can use our photo. Here's the photo I'll be starting with: The original image. With my image now open in Photoshop, if I look in my Layers palette, everything seems normal. I have one layer, the Background layer, which contains my image: Photoshop's Layers palette showing the original image on the Background layer. We're going to convert the image into a Smart Object next! Step 2: Convert The Image Into A Smart Object. Here's where things get a little different than if we were simply creating this effect once with no intention of using it again with other images. To be able to use this Photoshop document as a template, we need to convert our image into a Smart Object, which, as I mentioned on the previous page, will mean we'll no longer be working on the image itself. Instead, we'll be working on a reference to the image. The actual image will be safely stored in a separate file, untouched and unharmed by whatever crazy things we do next. To convert the image into a Smart Object, go up to the Layer menu at the top of the screen, choose Smart Objects, and then, in Photoshop CS3, choose Convert to Smart Object, or if you're using Photoshop CS2, choose Group into New Smart Object. Nothing will seem to have happened to your image, but if we look in the Layers palette again, we can see a few changes with the Background layer. For one thing, it's no longer named . Photoshop has renamed it . More importantly though, if we look closely at the layer's preview thumbnail, we can see that it now has a white highlight box around it, along with an icon in its bottom right corner. That icon is telling us that the image has now been converted into a Smart Object: Photoshop's Layers palette showing the image on the Background layer now converted into a Smart Object. Step 3: Duplicate The Layer. Now that our image has been converted into a Smart Object, let's duplicate it. Duplicating a Smart Object is no different from duplicating a normal layer, and the easiest way to do it is with the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+J (Win) / Command+J (Mac). If we look again in the Layers palette, we can see that we now have two layers, the original . It's important to note here that even though we've duplicated the Smart Object, we don't really have two separate Smart Objects. Both of them are referencing the exact same photo, which means that when we replace the original image with a different image, as we'll do at the end of the tutorial, both layers will then show the same new photo. If we were to create 3, or 5, or 1. Smart Object and then replace the image, since they're all copies of the exact same Smart Object, they would all show the new photo! Step 4: Resize And Reposition The Image On The New Layer With Free Transform. Let's move and resize the image on our newly created copy layer. Again, there's no difference between moving and resizing a Smart Object and a normal layer. Press Ctrl+T (Win) / Command+T (Mac) to bring up Photoshop's Free Transform box and handles around the image on the new layer. Then hold down Shift+Alt (Win) / Shift+Option (Mac) and drag any of the four corner handles inward to resize the image until it's about 6. I'm also going to move the image down a bit by clicking anywhere inside of the Free Transform box (except for on the small target icon in the center) and simply dragging the image down with my mouse. As I drag, I'm going to hold Shift which will force the image to move down in a straight line, preventing me from accidentally moving it left or right: Drag the image down a little by holding . Press Enter (Win) / Return (Mac) when you're done to accept the transformation and exit out of Free Transform. Step 5: Add A Stroke To The Resized Image. As we've seen so far, working with Smart Objects isn't much different from working with normal layers, and the same is true even when adding Layer Styles. Click on the Layer Styles icon at the bottom of the Layers palette (in Photoshop CS2 it looks like a circle with an . This brings up Photoshop's Layer Style dialog box set to the Stroke options in the middle column. Change the Size of the stroke to 1 px and the Position to Inside, then click on the red color swatch to the right of the word . Click OK to exit out of the Color Picker, but don't exit out of the Layer Style dialog box just yet. We have a couple more layer styles to add first, which we'll do next. Step 6: Add A Drop Shadow. Click directly on the words Drop Shadow on the left of the Layer Style dialog box: Click directly on the words . This changes the options in middle column of the Layer Style dialog box to the Drop Shadow options. Lower the Opacity of the Drop Shadow to around 4. Set the Distance to 0px, leave the Spread set to 0%, then increase the Size to around 4. Change the Drop Shadow options circled in red above. Step 7: Add An Inner Glow. Click directly on the words Inner Glow on the left of the Layer Style dialog box: Click directly on the words . This changes the options in middle column of the Layer Style dialog box to the Inner Glow options. Lower the Opacity of the Inner Glow to around 4. Click on the yellow color swatch directly below the word . Click OK to exit out of the Color Picker, then set the Size of the glow to around 4. Again you may want to experiment with a higher Size value if you're using a high resolution image: Change the Inner Glow options circled in red above. When you're done, click OK in the top right corner of the Layer Style dialog box to exit out of it. Here's my image after applying all three Layer Styles: The image after applying the Layer Styles. Adobe Illustrator Tutorials, Illustrator CS4 Tutorials, Vector Graphics Software Programs, Articles, Vector Images, Illustrator Brushes, Symbols, Web Graphics, Plug- ins, Plugins, Filters, CS3. Adobe Illustrator Tutorials, Articles, Books, Software The Adobe Illustrator section provides annotated links to helpful, top quality, reliable Illustrator tutorials, vector graphics tutorials, tips, and more for Illustrator CS4, CS3, and more. Illustrator tutorials are for all levels, from newbies to advanced Illustrator users and cover how to use features within Illustrator (such as the Text Tool, Live Trace, the Pen Tool, Brushes, Mesh Tool), and how to create various effects with Illustrator, such as swirls, curls, swooshes, ribbons, and how to create vector graphic icons or navigation buttons and tabs, how to integrate Photoshop CS4 and Illustrator CS4 using Vector Smart Objects, and much more. You'll also find Adobe Illustrator CS4 book recommendations and Illustrator CS4 training videos below. Be sure to check out our other pages on Adobe Illustrator: Adobe Illustrator Brushes, Adobe Illustrator Symbols, and Adobe Illustrator Discussion Lists, Forums, Blogs, Sites, and Adobe Illustrator Reviews, Documentation, Tech. Notes, Help. Do you know of some good articles, tutorials, books, or resources related to Adobe Illustrator, vector graphics, brushes, symbols, shapes, gradients, Web graphics, or graphics programs? Recommendations are welcome and appreciated! On this page: Articles and Tutorials on Adobe Illustrator. Adobe Illustrator Techniques, General Tutorials. Adobe Illustrator Drawing, Illustration Tutorials. Adobe Illustrator Effects Tutorials. Adobe Illustrator Gradients, Gradient Mesh Tool, Working with Gradients Tutorials. Adobe Illustrator Live Trace, Pen Tool, Tracing, Vectorizing Tutorials. Adobe Illustrator Text Tool, Working with Text Tutorials. Adobe Illustrator Techniques and Tutorials for Print, Print Production. Create Curls, Swirls, Swooshes, Ribbons, and Other Shapes with Adobe Illustrator. Create Custom Brushes for Adobe Illustrator. Create Custom Patterns for Adobe Illustrator. Create Custom Symbols for Adobe Illustrator. Create Graphic Buttons or Tabs with Adobe Illustrator. Create Graphic Icons with Adobe Illustrator. Recommended Books on Adobe Illustrator, Illustrator Software. Also within Adobe Illustrator Tutorials, Articles, Resources, Books, Software (7 pages): Adobe Illustrator Reviews, Documentation, Technotes, Bug Fixes. Adobe Illustrator Brushes. Adobe Illustrator Plugins. Adobe Illustrator Swatches, Patterns Swatches. Adobe Illustrator Symbols, Symbol Libraries. Adobe Illustrator Discussion Lists, Forums, Sites, Blogs, Resources. Also within Graphics Software, Tutorials(2. Adobe Fireworks Tutorials, Articles, Extensions, Discussion Lists, Resources, Books. Adobe Flash Tutorials, Articles, Resources, Discussion Lists, Books, Software. Adobe Photoshop Tutorials, Articles, Actions, Brushes, Forums, Resources, Books, Software(8 pages)Adobe Photoshop Lightroom Tutorials, Product Information, Sites, Blogs, Resources, Books, and Software. Corel. DRAW Tutorials, Articles, Resources, Books. Corel Paint Shop Pro Tutorials, Articles, Resources, Books. Swish, Other Animation / Multimedia Graphics Software Tutorials, Resources. Icon Creation and Editing Software and Plugins, and Related Tutorials. Freehand, Other Graphics Software, and Related Tutorials, Articles, Resources. The Adobe Illustrator tutorials below are listed by their primary techniques used; however, many of them cover more than one technique, so be sure to check out other Illustrator tutorial topics/categories here, too. What Illustrator tutorial topics would you like to see here? Did you find what you were looking for? Website. Tips. com appreciates and welcomes suggestions and recommendations. Adobe Illustrator Techniques, General Tutorials Adobe Illustrator CS3 Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows. Helpful chart of keyboard shortcuts for Illustrator CS3. Covers EPS file compatibility, what to look out for, what works and what doesn't work between Freehand and Illustrator, gradients, gradient mesh, transparency, vector shapes, custom fills and strokes, complex paths, Post. Script Level 3. 0, how to ensure AI8 compatibility, and much more. See also i. Stockphoto - Stock Illustration Training Manual for even more details overall - helpful in general, not just for i. Stockphoto. Also explains what the Align functions do in Illustrator and how they differ between CS2 and CS3. Helpful insight and info here, including screenshots. Read online or download printable PDF version. Includes: introduction, creating a blend, editing a blend, releasing and expanding blends. The two free Illustrator plugins for Windows and Mac: Select Menu Plugin by Graffix and Close Points script by Pictrix. Especially helpful if you contribute to stock vector sites that require closed paths on submitted vector artwork. Part of thread, “Non- Illustrator person is working in Illustrator to trim vectors! Help I am VERY Lost.” Great info, especially for those new to Illustrator or used to working in Photoshop. In addition, double- click on the Eraser Tool icon in the Tools panel for its Options dialog box (like many tools in the Tools panel). You'll find the Path Eraser tool within the Pencil Tool menu in the Tools panel. Instead of a regular brush stroke, painting with the blog brush gives you a filled, compound path. Any new shape painted with the same color and stroke will automatically merge with existing shapes with the same settings. The new tool will pick up style attributes from other objects and has numerous other options to explore and play around with.” . There's a new reverse gradient button, and gradient widgets that allow users to edit applied gradients visually. There are also new transparency options. Cheryl Graham explores these new features and takes viewers through a quick design project, creating the ringed planet of Saturn.” . Covers: Hanging Indents, Placing Multiple Files, Custom Views. You've come to the right place!” . Nick's article explains what it is and how to find it in Illustrator CS3. Great tips on how helpful they can be, too! View online, download to your computer, or view via podcast. By doing so, you can retain the vector aspects of these layers to easily resize without any quality loss while also having the additional features and effects of Photoshop. Great video tutorial, easy to follow and then implement yourself. Related at Website. Tips. com: Adobe Photoshop Tutorials. Not just an outline - you want details too so that you actually see the leaves.. This would be one of the many situations where the Symbol Spraying Tool can be of assistance.” . Crop to save for the Web, to print, to PDF, etc., and you can now create and use multiple crop areas within the same document. Download the accompanying source file used in the tutorial, too. Prefer to read the HTML version? See Using the Crop Tool in Illustrator CS3 to Define Areas for Print or Export (Text, read online). See also Adobe's Create, Edit, and Delete Crop Areas via Adobe Illustrator Live. Docs that includes how to define a single crop area, define and use multiple crop areas, delete a crop area, and how to edit, or move a crop area. Techniques here will help with creating anything in Illustrator, not just these icon images. Follow along and you'll learn a whole lot of helpful tips and techniques with Illustrator. With a bit of creative thinking and some simple aligning in combination with Pathfinder's powerful tools you might just achieve the perfect drawing in no time. Here is another Illustrator tutorial where I show you to draw a simple icon without the use of the Pen tool.” Editor note: I created the sample to the right to test this tutorial - it's indeed easy to follow. Applies to using any vector software, not just Adobe Illustrator. Although written with what to keep in mind for submitting vector images to i. Stockphoto, this article is truly a helpful guideline on many of the details that turn an ordinary image into a high quality professional vector illustration. Abstract Background Easy to follow tutorial with helpful tips on how to use Illustrator's Blend tool in some creative ways to make a wavy line effect, blend colors, and more, while creating an interesting vector graphic background. Very cool and simple!” For Illustrator 9+. Editor note: I created the sample to the right to test this tutorial - it's indeed easy to follow. Great tutorial especially for those new to Illustrator. Plenty of screenshot examples all along the way. And once you master this technique, it can be easily adapted for many different uses.” . Also uses the type path tool. Helpful tips throughout, too. Especially helpful with using Illustrator's Pucker and Bloat effects, Roughen effect, and Tweak effect. This tutorial does not use the Pen tool at all and instead uses pentagon shapes and a circle, combined with using the Pucker and Bloat effects, Roughen effect, Tweak effect, and gradient tool to create a flower. This tutorial provides a fun way to get familiar with those tools, in addition to learning how to create this unique flower. Editor note: I created the flower to the right to test this tutorial. So easy to follow along and create this flower. It's just a matter of drawing a line and using Illustrator's 3. D tool to render the vase - Illustrator creates the 3. D version based on that single line. Good introductory tutorial for trying out 3. D rendering in Illustrator. Editor note: I created the vases to the right to test this tutorial. Easy to follow and took less than 5 minutes to create using these instructions.
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The semantics of program slicing and program integration. In Proceedings of the Colloquium on Current Issues in Programming Languages, (Barcelona, Spain, March 13-17, 1989). The Wisconsin Program- Slicing Tool, Version 1. Last updated. Tue Nov 1. CST 2. 00. 0. The Wisconsin Program- Slicing Tool is a software system that supports. C programs, including backward slicing, forward slicing. In addition, the following features can cause erroneous slices to be. These files contain two kinds of information. The concordance between source text and program components (i. SDG), which allows interaction between the user and. Slicing Tool, for example, to define the slice criteria and to. Zelkowitz (ed.), Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1. SE- 1. 0, 4 (July 1. CERIAS - Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security. A Survey of Program Slicing Techniques Frank Tip CWI, P.O. Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands [email protected] Abstract A program slice consists of the parts of a program that (potentially) affect the values computedat. A program slice consists of the parts of a program that (potentially) affect the values computed at some point of interest, referred to as a slicing criterion. The task of computing program slices is called program slicing. On the adequacy of program dependence graphs forrepresenting programs. In Proceedings of the SIGPLAN 88 Symposium on the Principlesof Programming Languages, January 1988.#5B42#5D S.
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In humans it is the ability of individuals or communities to adapt and self-manage when facing physical, mental or social challenges. World Population Awareness. In May Pope Francis published Laudato Si', the first encyclical exclusively dedicated to an environmental issue. Its core message a plea for equity, making an strong case not only for climate action but also for climate justice - - solutions that reduce emissions and vast global imbalances in wealth, power, and consumption. He also argued that people could continue to multiply and their lives could improve if the rich stopped consuming so much. Any suggestion that reducing the birthrate is the solution to the climate crisis, he wrote, is an attempt by developed countries to evade responsibility for their excessive consumption. While it is true that rich nations need to kick their fossil- fueled habits, birthrates do matter. Pesticides can be used to control a variety of pests, such as insects, weeds, rats and mice, bacteria and mold, and more. Find out more about pesticides: What are pesticides? How EPA evaluates pesticide risks; Understanding. With four UMass Lowell buildings recognized for advanced energy and environmental design, it was the perfect hub for the state on Thursday to announce a milestone for energy-efficient state buildings. The President's Budget for Fiscal Year 2017. Under the President’s leadership, we have turned our economy around and created 14 million jobs. Our unemployment rate is below five percent for the first time in almost eight. UN projections say that by 2. Where we end up on that spectrum will affect the global rate of emissions - and, may influence our ability to adapt to the effects of the carbon already baked into the system. Carmen Barroso, former director of the International Planned Parenthood Federation's Western Hemisphere Region, says Pope Francis' argument is partly from the Catholic Church's stance on contraception and abortion, but it's also a leftover reaction to the dark history of the population- control movement. In the 1. 96. 0s and '7. Calls for controlling growth were primarily directed at poor countries and resulted, in some cases, in horrific violations of women's bodies and basic dignity. For example, there were forced sterilizations of both men and women in India in the 1. Recommendations for Identification and Public Health Management of Persons with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Weinbaum, MD, Ian Williams, PhD, Eric E. Wang, MD, Lyn Finelli. A Kyoto Protocol unit equal to 1 metric tonne of CO2 equivalent. Each Annex I Party issues AAUs up to the level of its assigned amount, established pursuant to Article 3, paragraphs 7 and 8, of the Kyoto Protocol. Even today women in India are still paid by the state to be sterilized, and about a dozen women recently died in mass sterilization camps. If you say, 'women cannot have more than one or two children,' there is a problem. And that will be good for the environment. Instead of setting goals for reducing fertility rates through improved family planning, the unlikely alliance of women's- rights and population- stabilization advocates successfully promoted an agenda that put the status of women front and center. The radical idea that came from the conference was: . It was to put women first, and trust that many indirect social and environmental benefits would accrue. Something else came from Cairo: the idea that marginalized women don't just need the ability to choose whether or not to have children, but they also need better health care during pregnancies, education and jobs to help support their families, and freedom from genital mutilation and child marriage. Promoting gender equality is crucial on its own, Schensul says, but it has also proved more effective than draconian policies at curbing growth. Internationally, funding for family planning halved from 1. The reasons: The apocalyptic famines never came to pass. There was strong opposition to funding for family planning from the Vatican and Republican administrations. The coercive and abusive policies of the past had given the field a bad rap. This course is designed to provide an overview on epidemiology and the Internet for medical and health related students around the world based on the concept of Global Health Network University and Hypertext Comic Books.Today, an estimated 2. On the other hand, between 1. The global fertility rate, meanwhile, declined by 2. Census Bureau serves America as the leading source of quality data about our people, business and economy. This is the official web site for the City of Maribyrnong, a local government municipality of Victoria, Australia situated 4km West of the Melbourne CBD. Population growth dropped from 1. The connections between population and climate change are less linear than one might think. The US has only 1. So slowing population growth in Niger won't do a lot to help deflate the global carbon bubble. There are only about 2. But Pope Francis casts this as an either- or issue. Brian O'Neill, a scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, published a study in 2. He found that if the population grew at a moderate pace as opposed to a rapid one between now and 2. This would amount to about one- fifth of the reductions needed to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. By 2. 10. 0, a population that had grown to around 9 billion people - - rather than nearly 1. In industrialized countries like the United States, smaller reductions in growth resulted in bigger emissions benefits. But slower growth in developing countries mattered, too, particularly in India and China. Unfortunately, those least responsible for creating the problem - - poor people in developing countries - - are likely to suffer the most from its fallout. And in these places, rapid population growth and poverty could make dealing with environmental disruption more difficult. In the Sahel - - the southern edge of the Sahara Desert - - population could triple by 2. At the same time the area will also be hotter, by 7. About 2. 5% of women in the region would like to have fewer children or space their children farther apart, but they have scarce access to the information, resources, and social support needed to do so. A leading cause of maternal mortality is unsafe abortion. The threats that climate change poses underscore the urgent need to invest in the well- being of girls and women, says Malcolm Potts, also with the Berkeley initiative. Add infrastructure for agricultural adaptation, such as water storage, and you've got a start. Change can occur, but right now . In the Philippines, a Catholic country where there is little or no access to contraception, women reported that waters had warmed and fish had migrated elsewhere. In Bangladesh and Pakistan, more frequent floods and cyclones have left pregnant women with poor or nonexistent health care and delivery services. Women are also more vulnerable to sexual violence during and after disasters. Jade Sasser, assistant professor of gender and sexuality studies at the University of California at Riverside cautions that, to support justice for women means supporting their right to have children, as well as to not have them, while offering an array of health services. However, the Vatican has continued to lobby against expanded access to contraception and abortion. While population advocates came around to recognizing the centrality of women's rights, and it looks like environmental activists are coming to recognize it, too, will the Vatican? The church's willingness to do so will be one important test of how truly radical Francis's reign turns out to be. Water, arable land, energy sources, are all being depleted at an alarming rate. Find out more about pesticides. 7 steps to reverse the trend of dishonorable behavior Friday, October 07, 2016 - Business Management, Services & Risk Management What's trending in our culture? With nonstop 24-hour cable news channels and social media, we can quickly find out what's 'hot. Brownfields are properties that may have hazardous substances, pollutants or contaminants present. EPA’s Brownfields Program provides grants and technical assistance to communities, states, tribes and others to assess, safely clean up and sustainably reuse. 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News Malone University Announces Annual Alumni Award Winners in Celebration of 125th Anniversary Malone University basketball team to host donation drive for Martin Center Malone University scheduling drama, outreach teams September - April Malone. Jude the Obscure Themes . Hardy repeatedly emphasizes that marriage involves making a commitment that many people are emotionally unequipped to fulfill - this sentiment comes from the narrator, but it is also expressed by Sue, Jude, Phillotson, and Widow Edlin at various points in the novel. Whether the institution of marriage can be saved is open to interpretation. Jude and Sue are clearly a good match for each other, so Jude wants to get married. Sue, however, feels that marriage will poison the relationship. The narrator does not seem to favor either side; it is left up to readers to decide how the problems with marriage might be solved. Hardy highlights many kinds of education in Jude the Obscure. Most obviously, we have Jude's desire to get a university degree and become an academic.
However, Hardy also emphasizes the importance of experiential education. Because Jude is inexperienced with women and with social situations more generally, he is especially susceptible to Arabella's seduction. In the novel, the level of traditional education one reaches is closely tied to the class system, and if someone from Jude's class wants to learn, they must teach themselves. Although the narrator seems to admire Jude's willingness to teach himself, he also points out the limits of autodidacticism, noting that despite Jude's near- constant studies, he cannot hope to compete on the university entrance exam against richer men who have hired tutors. In addition to his points about education, Hardy also criticizes the rigidity of social class more generally. Jude is limited in his career options because as a working- class man, he cannot hope to be promoted beyond a certain level, even in fields like the clergy that are supposed to be open to all. However, Jude and Sue also benefit from their low social class in that their respective divorces are processed quickly and without inquiry and they can get away with living together unmarried for quite some time. Even this is a mixed blessing - they are caught eventually, and the reason they weren't caught sooner is that they are unimportant to the people around them. As Jude the Obscure can be interpreted as critical of the institution of marriage, Hardy is equally as possessed with the church. At a diorama depicting Jerusalem, the major characters' feelings on religion crystalize. Sue wonders why Jerusalem rather than Rome or Athens is deemed important, Phillotson counters that the city is important to the English as a Christian people, and Jude is utterly absorbed by the work - though he also strains to agree with Sue. Later, Sue mentions a friend who was the most irreligious but also the most moral. Hardy points out that these concepts are not mutually exclusive. Jude's faith is tested by Sue. He realizes his sexual attraction to her makes him a hypocrite. Rather than suppress his natural physical desire, he burns his books, marking his break with Christianity. This makes Sue's reversal later in the novel all the more shocking. Jude likens her conversion in the wake of her children's death to his partaking in alcohol during difficult times. Here Hardy calls into question the motivations behind faith. Through Sue's self- punishing adherence to her Christian duties despite her true nature, Hardy suggests those motivations are not always pure. Sue Bridehead is a strikingly modern heroine in many ways - she lives with men without marrying them; she has a rich intellectual life; she works alongside Jude. Hardy criticizes the social conventions that prevent her from fulfilling her potential as an intellectual and as a worker. Download Jude The Obscure Themes Pdf free. Download this Chart (PDF) Jude the Obscure Free to download, print, and share. Suggest a new LitChart. However, he also reinforces some of those social conventions unintentionally; by portraying Sue as anxious and hysterical, Hardy perpetuates a common Victorian stereotype about women being especially emotional. Also, we are expected to accept Sue having lived with the Christminster undergraduate because they were not having sex; despite his professed liberalism, Hardy upholds traditional values by offering this piece of information and (apparently) expecting it to color our judgment of the character. The narrator of Jude the Obscure often laments the ways that old things are replaced by the new, especially when it comes to urban architecture. Likewise, the Widow Edlin suggests that older, more laid- back attitudes toward marriage are better than prudish Victorian norms. Theme of Jude the Obscure; Hardy's Use of Point of View; Setting and Plot in Jude the Obscure; Structure of Jude the Obscure; Symbolism and Irony in Jude the Obscure. Jude The Obscure Themes Pdf ConverterNineteenth- century British society was, in many ways, more conservative than the historical periods that preceded it, so Hardy's admiration for the older aspects of English culture ties in to his social liberalism and his reverence for intellectual inquiry. Disappointment crops up over and over again in this novel: Jude is disappointed by his career; he is disappointed in his marriage to Arabella and then his cohabitation with Sue; he is disappointed by Mr. Phillotson, who never achieved his dream of getting a university degree. Even Time's assertions that he never asked to be born suggest a certain disappointment with life. Since most of the novel's tragedies come as lost opportunities, the ways that the characters deal with disappointment contribute to their characterization. For example, Phillotson takes a relatively mature perspective when he is disappointed in his marriage to Sue, and allows her to be with Jude. Arabella, in contrast, deals with her disappointment in Cartlett by spying on Jude and scheming to get back together with him. Jude the Obscure features many kinds of nomads. Some of these are minor characters, like the traveling laborers in Shaston. However, Jude himself is a kind of nomad, and the novel's structure reflects this. It is not divided into arbitrary chapters or thematic groupings, but rather is divided into sections based on the characters' location. This geographical mobility speaks to the new freedom - but also rootlessness - that came with the advent of rail travel, which revolutionized the lives of working people like Jude, who could now travel long distances affordably. Jude The Obscure Themes Pdf To WordBellalabs and La. Creme Review - Is It A Scam? Screenplay Library (12/814) You can also read many TV scripts at the TV Writing site. Note: PDF files may take a while to download.The Truth Behind the Bellalabs and La. Creme Combo Offer. By now you may have run across numerous ads and fake news reports with headlines such as “Ellen’s Backstage Skincare Secret – Her Anti- Aging Trick Finally Exposed” or “I wish I would have watched the Dr. Oz show sooner” as if he is recommending these creams (not!). These misleading ads quickly lead you to a combo skin care offer for short term free trials (1. Bellalabs Instant Wrinkle Reducer and La. Creme Anti- Wrinkle Cream. This is perhaps one of the biggest skin care scams running at the moment, so I wanted to take a closer look at this combo offer to reveal the truth behind these products and the tactics they’re using to sucker people into buying not one, but two separate anti- wrinkle creams. Social Activism Sound Recording Project: Anti-Vietnam War Protests in the San Francisco Bay Area & Beyond : April 15, 1967 Spring Mobilization to End the War, San Francisco (API) Year: 1960 Barbara Walters (born September 25, 1929) is an American broadcast journalist, an author, and a television personality. Walters has hosted the following television shows: Today, The View, and 20/20, and she has co-hosted the. Bellalabs and LaCreme Combo – Ellen Degeneres and Dr. Oz Wrinkle Cream Scam Rachel Vrabel.
They suggest that by using one in the morning and one at night, that it brings “revolutionary” results, when the truth is they just want you to sign up for both free trials, which are not exactly “free.” And any trial that is only 1. HUGE red flag for these scams. Does Ellen Really Use Bellalabs and La. Creme? Oz Recommend it? You’ve probably seen the before and after picture of Ellen Degeneres, and the claims that her age defying results came from using both of these creams, but it’s nothing but misleading advertising. They also report it in a manner like it’s a huge secret since she’s still under contract with Cover Girl “Shhhh don’t tell Covergirl.”They even link to a youtube video where Ellen jokes about starting to use eye cream and how it runs down her cheeks and gets in her eyes, but no where in the video does she say that she’s using Bellalabs or La. Creme. She’s merely joking about being a klutz when it comes to applying eye cream in general. It’s just a ploy to keep you on the page and make it “appear” that it’s linked to the story. There are countless variations of these ads on multiple different websites that have completely different looks, but they all lead to the same free trial ads to Bellalabs and La. Creme. There’s also a multitude of before and after pictures of various women with seemingly fake quotes alluding to these creams being “Dr. Oz recommended” when in fact they are not. Under a picture of Ellen, a caption reads “Dr. Oz calls it – the miracle anti- aging breakthrough – because it works!”Let me tell you – Dr. Oz is possibly the MOST plagiarized person on the internet! He does not have a skin care line, so if you see an ad that says “Dr. Oz recommends this cream” – run quickly. A Rundown of Bellalabs and La. Creme – Do They Even Work? What these ads all seem to have in common is the story line that follows “One night, “Brenda” made an accidental discovery that would revolutionize the whole skin care industry: she combined them.”Let’s take a closer look at what these two creams promise and their ingredients to see if they are really “revolutionary.”Bellalabs Instant Wrinkle Reducer promises to be the last moisturizer you will ever need. First is the Elastin Formula, which includes peptides that turn back the effects of aging at the cellular level by reducing the appearance of wrinkles. Next is the Collagen Formula which produces younger- looking skin within minutes of application which smooths, plumps, and firms your skin. Bellalabs also contains Vitamin E, an antioxidant to help protect skin from free radical damage and doubles as a rich moisturizer to help keep skin well- hydrated and looking soft and dewy. La. Creme Anti Wrinkle Cream’s website claims their product is “better than botox” and that you’ll see an 8. The only mention of ingredients for La Creme is that it includes peptides which helps reduce fine lines and wrinkles, promote collagen production, add skin firmness, and replenish vitamins and antioxidants. Now, it’s hard to compare products when the companies don’t actually provide the actual ingredients, but at first glance, their ingredients seem very similar: peptides and collagen boosters. While both are advantageous ingredients within a wrinkle cream, I wouldn’t call it “revolutionary” nor do I like the fact that they don’t provide a full list of their ingredients and suggest that you need both creams to get results. Furthermore, what’s true for both of these products is that they claim there are clinical trials, but in fact there are none! If there were, they would provide the direct links to the clinical trials within their website, like Kollagen Intensiv does! The Headache that a Short Term Free Trial Can Bring to an Uninformed Customer. So you’ve gotten to the page to accept your free trial offer for La. Creme (we’ll use them as an example) and you only have to pay $4. Hold on a minute, did you read the terms and conditions? Probably not because they’re buried on the bottom of the page. Did you give them your bank information and shipping address? Yes, because you were required to. If you did read the fine print, you would’ve learned that you have 1. La. Creme is right for you. So you receive the cream maybe 1. WHAM, your credit card is billed $8. La. Creme. Bellalabs has the exact same terms and conditions, the price is the same, everything is the same. The problem is, for one the free trial period is only 1. Just take a look at the customer complaints sited on pissedconsumer. Conclusion. Bellalabs and La. Creme are running very deceptive marketing campaigns to make you believe that Ellen Degeneres is using these creams and that they are her secret weapon to anti- aging, along with misleading quotes that allude to Dr. Oz recommending these products, both of which are false advertising. I couldn’t find any information on Ellen’s or Dr. Oz’s websites supporting or even mentioning Bellalabs or La. Creme. While these two creams appear to be of decent quality (although hard to determine because they don’t provide the ingredients) and would probably do a fine job at simply moisturizing, they seem to have very similar, if not identical ingredients so there’s no reason you would need to order both. It seems to be just a ploy to sucker you into signing up for not one, but two short- term free trial offers. I highly recommend you save your money and steer clear of the Bellalabs and La. Creme combo offer. Recommendation. Don’t accept free trials of this nature, it’s always better to buy a cream outright that has a money back guarantee. My top cream Kollagen Intensiv is very effective, I’ve used it for over 4 years with great results! It’s worth a look. Have you used Bellalabs or La. Creme? Leave your comments or questions below! Most of us have wrinkles that bother us, and we want an effective product that brings fast results. Kollagen Intensiv contains collagen- boosting SYN. I’ve used this cream for over four years with great results – it does a great job of making me look and feel younger! Read my review of Kollagen Intensiv. How Women Found This Review: and bellalabs and la creme, and bella labs and la creme anti wrinkle cream, and bella labs, and bella labs anti aging serum, and dr oz wrinkle cream combo, and bella labs anti aging serum and la creme. Click here to submit your review. Bellalabs and La. Creme Combo – Ellen Degeneres and Dr. Oz Wrinkle Cream Scam. Aug 0. 8, 2. 01. 6 by carmelita Del Rosario. I did try the product. I was amazed when a make- up artist in the department store notice my skin and ask me what I am using. Oz Wrinkle Cream Scam. May 3. 0, 2. 01. 6 by Michelle P. This is unbelievable to me. They charge you $1. I bought two “free samples” and they charged my card for $2. I inadvertently accepted the 3. Can’t believe I fell for this. Horrible people. Bella Gold A BIG SCAMBellalabs and La. Creme Combo – Ellen Degeneres and Dr. Oz Wrinkle Cream Scam. May 2. 1, 2. 01. 6 by Beverly Wines. This is absolutely a scam. Oz Wrinkle Cream Scam. Actually found bellalabs when I was looking at a hilarious review of some stupid phone camera lens that claimed to have better image quality than a DSLR! It was obviously directed towards idiots who believe that kind of crap. They are all bullshit scams that will steal your money. Oz Wrinkle Cream Scam. Apr 0. 8, 2. 01. 6 by Sue Marvin. Just read all the bad English on the webpage. I will not be buying the product. Lacreme. Bellalabs and La. Creme Combo – Ellen Degeneres and Dr. Oz Wrinkle Cream Scam. Mar 2. 3, 2. 01. 6 by Kris perso. Got taken for a ride. Company charged 4x more than they said the amount would be. Do not trust this company or Bella labs ! Had to do that to be able to submitbella labs/Lacreme. Bellalabs and La. Creme Combo – Ellen Degeneres and Dr. Oz Wrinkle Cream Scam. Feb 2. 5, 2. 01. 6 by Helen Niebling. Both companies are a TOTAL SCAM. After numerous phone calls to get my money back both companies finally agreed to credit my account with $4. I still LOST $1. 00. MINUS 2. 0 STARS for these two companies. They should be thrown in JAIL!!! RIP OFF big time. Bella Labs trial scam!! Bellalabs and La. Creme Combo – Ellen Degeneres and Dr. Oz Wrinkle Cream Scam. Feb 1. 7, 2. 01. 6 by Angry Mom. I too fell for the scam! I would select zero stars, but wasn’t given that option. Luckily my credit card company saw it as fraud and stopped the transaction. I cancelled my subscription before getting charged full price. Now they are calling me, wanting me to return the product. Instead of sending it in a trial size package, they send the full size and want you to return it after the 1. I see no difference in my wrinkles after using the product. I will return it so I don’t get charged again, but it will be returned COD. I am not paying to return a product that didn’t even work. SCAMMED ME TOO. Oz Wrinkle Cream Scam. Don’t do it. I was ok with paying more for something that worked more. You may receive about 4 shipments, but get charged for 8. Oh they charged me every month for both, but they did not ship me every month for both products. THEN, 5 months later I have a Collection notice! To be honest, i have never reviewed anything online. Oz Wrinkle Cream Scam. Jan 1. 9, 2. 01. 6 by Lora Fornshell. APA tutorials for Word 2. The APA Style format was. APA and is set forth in the Publication Manual. American Psychological Association (APA Publication Manual). APA, MLA, Chicago – automatically format bibliographies. In Microsoft Word 2. Word 2. 01. 0, you can automatically generate a bibliography (or other similar document requiring citations) of the sources you used to write your paper. 12-10-2016 1/2 Apa Paper Template For Word Apa Paper Template For Word by Laura Hoch Click here for Free Registration of Apa Paper Template For Word Book Rated from 73 votes. Nssc Examination Question Papers Physical. APA paper formatting: general rules. It is no wonder that your English tutor asks you to cite your sources in one way. Style of academic formatting APA is one of the formats used for papers, essays, publications and even. APA Style Sixth Edition Template. The purpose of the abstract is to provide the reader with a brief overview of the paper. Running head: APA STYLE OF WRITING. Note only references that were cited in the paper. American Psychological Association. Each time you add a new citation to your document, Word adds that source so that it appears in the bibliography in the proper format, such as MLA, APA, and Chicago- style. This article explains how you can automatically insert citations into Word and format bibliographies and other related documents using common formats. Important: APA and MLA can change their formats, so you’ll want to ensure that these format versions meet your requirements. You can create your own updated version of a style or build custom styles. For more information see Bibliography & Citations 1. Building Custom styles. If you are using the APA 5th Edition citation style, there’s one issue you should be aware of. APA style uses the author's name and publication date. If you have multiple citations from the same author, there is a known Word 2. If this happens to you, see the section entitled, . Click at the end of the sentence or phrase that you want to cite. Click Insert Citation and then select Add New Source. Type in the citation details and then click OK. When you've completed these steps, the citation is added to the Insert Citation button, so the next time you quote this reference, you don't have to type it all out again. Create a bibliography from your sources. If you want to create a bibliography from your sources, do the following: Click where you want to insert a bibliography. Typically they are at the end of a document. On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, click Bibliography. Much like the Table of Contents builder in Word, you can select a predesigned bibliography format that includes a title or you can just click Insert Bibliography to add the citation without a title. If you want to learn more about using citation placeholders and editing sources, take a look at Creating a bibliography in Word 2. In Microsoft Word 2007 and Word 2010, you can automatically generate a bibliography (or other similar document requiring citations) of the sources you used to write your paper. Each time you add a new citation to your document.Creating a bibliography in Word 2. Or if you want to export your bibliography sources to another computer, check out this post on the Microsoft Word blog. APA 5th Edition citation style fix procedure. APA style uses the author's name and publication date. Begin your paper with the introduction. The active voice, rather than. 1Complete APA style formatting information may be found in the. If you have multiple citations from the same author, there is a known Word 2. If this happens to you, here's how to fix the problem: In the Word document, click the citation. Click the down- arrow and then click Edit Citation. Click the Title checkbox and then click OK. Microsoft Internet Explorer - Free Download. Internet Explorer 9 brings you fast, rich web experiences. Please disable anti- virus software while installing Internet Explorer. In Internet Explorer, click Tools, and then click Internet Options. On the Securitytab, click the Trusted Sitesicon.Download optimized Internet Explorer for mail.com including quick mailbox login from taskbar and integrated search feature. The first version of Internet Explorer, Microsoft Internet Explorer (later referred to as Internet Explorer 1) made its debut on August 16, 1995. Internet explorer free download - Internet Explorer, Adblock Plus for Internet Explorer, Google Toolbar for Internet Explorer, and many more programs. Internet Explorer 9 brings you fast, rich web experiences. Please Note: Tucows cannot make Microsoft Internet Explorer 128-bit available outside the U.S. Internet Explorer 8: C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe vs C:\Program Files. Internet - but it has not yet been updated to work in a 64-bit browser. Ietester is an application that allows to test on multiple ie versions at the same time in. Browser Compatibility Check for Internet Explorer Versions from 5.5 to. Microsoft Edge and Internet Explorer Home. Platform issues for Microsoft Edge and Internet Explorer can now be reported at our new home. Internet Explorer 8, free and safe download. Internet Explorer 8 latest version: Microsoft gets back on track with a promising web browser. Internet Explorer 8 is. See All Advisories *Media credentials for the listed events are managed through the News Office. Many more events take place on campus that are. InformationWeek.com: News, analysis and research for business technology professionals, plus peer-to-peer knowledge sharing. Engage with our community. NetSmartz offers free, multimedia Internet safety presentations tailored for specific audiences – parents and communities, tweens, teens, and younger children. The Predator War What are the risks of the C.I.A.’s covert drone program? The Predator War - The New Yorker. The . Baitullah Mehsud, the leader of the Taliban in Pakistan, could be seen reclining on the rooftop of his father- in- law. It was a hot summer night, and he was joined outside by his wife and his uncle, a medic; at one point, the remarkably crisp images showed that Mehsud, who suffered from diabetes and a kidney ailment, was receiving an intravenous drip. The video was being captured by the infrared camera of a Predator drone, a remotely controlled, unmanned plane that had been hovering, undetected, two miles or so above the house. Rehman Malik, told me recently that Mehsud was resting on his back. Malik, using his hands to make a picture frame, explained that the Predator. We thought it was a fairy tale. Authorities watched the fiery blast in real time. After the dust cloud dissipated, all that remained of Mehsud was a detached torso. Eleven others died: his wife, his father- in- law, his mother- in- law, a lieutenant, and seven bodyguards. Pakistan. Mehsud was also thought to have helped his Afghan confederates attack American and coalition troops across the border. Roger Cressey, a former counterterrorism official on the National Security Council, who is now a partner at Good Harbor, a consulting firm, told me, . The furor grew when the Times reported that the C. I. A. Members of the Senate and House intelligence committees demanded investigations of the program, which, they said, had been hidden from them. And many legal experts argued that, had the program become fully operational, it would have violated a 1. President Gerald R. Ford, banning American intelligence forces from engaging in assassination. Hina Shamsi, a human- rights lawyer at the New York University School of Law, was struck by the inconsistency of the public. Employees of Xe Services maintain and load the Hellfire missiles on the aircraft. Vicki Divoll, a former C. I. A. Naval Academy, in Annapolis, observed, . As such, it is an extension of conventional warfare. The united nations environment programme (UNEP) is the voice for the environment in the united nations system. See the President's daily schedule, explore behind-the-scenes photos from inside the White House, and find out all the ways you can engage with the most interactive. It was initiated by the Bush Administration and, according to Juan Zarate, a counterterrorism adviser in the Bush White House, Obama has left in place virtually all the key personnel. The program is classified as covert, and the intelligence agency declines to provide any information to the public about where it operates, how it selects targets, who is in charge, or how many people have been killed. Nevertheless, reports of fatal air strikes in Pakistan emerge every few days. Such stories are often secondhand and difficult to confirm, as the Pakistani government and the military have tried to wall off the tribal areas from journalists. But, even if a precise account is elusive, the outlines are clear: the C. I. A. Within hours, it was clear that the morning. In one strike, four Arabs, all likely affiliated with Al Qaeda, died. But in the second strike a drone targeted the wrong house, hitting the residence of a pro- government tribal leader six miles outside the town of Wana, in South Waziristan. The blast killed the tribal leader. According to a just completed study by the New America Foundation, the number of drone strikes has risen dramatically since Obama became President. During his first nine and a half months in office, he has authorized as many C. I. A. Bush did in his final three years in office. So far this year, various estimates suggest, the C. I. A. Critics say that many of the victims have been innocent bystanders, including children. In the last week of September alone, there were reportedly four such attacks. At any given moment, a former White House counterterrorism official says, the C. I. A. According to the official, . The government plans to commission hundreds more, including new generations of tiny . In this view, the U. S., rather than trying to stabilize Afghanistan by waging a counter- insurgency operation against Taliban forces, should focus purely on counterterrorism, and use the latest technology to surgically eliminate Al Qaeda leaders and their allies. In September, the conservative pundit George Will published an influential column in the Washington Post, . And, because of the C. I. A. Should something go wrong in the C. I. A. According to a former counterterrorism official, the contractors are . One set of pilots and operators works abroad, near hidden airfields in Afghanistan and Pakistan, handling takeoffs and landings. Once the drones are aloft, the former counterterrorism official said, the controls are electronically . Using joysticks that resemble video- game controls, the reachback operators. From their suburban redoubt, they can turn the plane, zoom in on the landscape below, and decide whether to lock onto a target. A stream of additional . The White House has delegated trigger authority to C. I. A. People who have seen an air strike live on a monitor described it as both awe- inspiring and horrifying. Singer, the author of . Nearly all the victims have remained faceless, and the damage caused by the bombings has remained unseen. In contrast to Gaza, where the targeted killing of Hamas fighters by the Israeli military has been extensively documented. As a result, no videos of a drone attack in progress have been released, and only a few photographs of the immediate aftermath of a Predator strike have been published. The seeming unreality of the Predator enterprise is also felt by the pilots. Some of them reportedly wear flight suits when they operate a drone. When their shifts end, of course, these cubicle warriors can drive home to have dinner with their families. Critics have suggested that unmanned systems, by sparing these combatants from danger and sacrifice, are creating what Sir Brian Burridge, a former British Air Chief Marshal in Iraq, has called . According to Singer, some Predator pilots suffer from combat stress that equals, or exceeds, that of pilots in the battlefield. This suggests that virtual killing, for all its sterile trappings, is a discomfiting form of warfare. Meanwhile, some social critics, such as Mary Dudziak, a professor at the University of Southern California. The American Ambassador to Israel, Martin Indyk, said at the time, . They are extrajudicial killings, and we do not support that. Daniel Benjamin, the State Department. George Tenet, then the agency. Within days, President Bush had signed a secret Memorandum of Notification, giving the C. I. A. Congress endorsed this policy, passing a bill called the Authorization for Use of Military Force. By classifying terrorism as an act of war, rather than as a crime, the Bush Administration reasoned that it was no longer bound by legal constraints requiring the government to give suspected terrorists due process. In November, 2. 00. Bush Administration officials publicly announced a successful Predator strike against an Al Qaeda target, Qaed Salim Sinan al- Harethi, a suspect in the 2. U. S. S. Harethi was killed after a Hellfire missile vaporized the car in which he and five other passengers were riding, on a desert road in Yemen. Paul Wolfowitz, then the Deputy Defense Secretary, praised the new tactic, telling CNN, . In 2. 00. 2, Jeffrey Smith, a former C. I. A. Hersh, for an article in this magazine, . Assassination as a norm of international conduct exposes American leaders and Americans overseas. Now, he notes, nobody in the government calls it assassination. The Predator program is described by many in the intelligence world as America. In May, Leon Panetta, the C. I. A. Counterterrorism officials credit drones with having killed more than a dozen senior Al Qaeda leaders and their allies in the past year, eliminating more than half of the C. I. A. In addition to Baitullah Mehsud, the list includes Nazimuddin Zalalov, a former lieutenant of Osama bin Laden; Ilyas Kashmiri, Al Qaeda. Though he acknowledges that Osama bin Laden and Ayman al- Zawahiri, the group. Surviving militants are forced to operate far more cautiously, which diverts their energy from planning new attacks. And there is evidence that the drone strikes, which depend on local informants for targeting information, have caused debilitating suspicion and discord within the ranks. Four Europeans who were captured last December after trying to join Al Qaeda in Pakistan described a life of constant fear and distrust among the militants, whose obsession with drone strikes had led them to communicate only with elaborate secrecy and to leave their squalid hideouts only at night. As the Times has reported, militants have been so unnerved by the drone program that they have released a video showing the execution of accused informants. Pakistanis have also been gripped by rumors that paid C. I. A. Michael Walzer, a political philosopher and the author of the book . The military operates under a legal code, and it has judicial mechanisms. People are being killed, and we generally require some public justification when we go about killing people. When he asked, in formal correspondence, for the C. I. A. That careful, precise approach has brought major success against a very dangerous and deadly enemy. Human Rights Council, but, he says, the U. S. You start by saying we. It becomes standard operating procedure. It becomes all too easy. Planners start saying, . Finally, the foreign nation in which such targeted killing takes place has to give its permission. Many lawyers who have looked at America. But they are nevertheless troubled, as the U. S. Last March, the Obama Administration made an unannounced decision to win support for the drone program inside Pakistan by giving President Asif Ali Zardari more control over whom to target. According to the New America Foundation. Eighteen were directed at Taliban targets in Pakistan, and fifteen were aimed specifically at Baitullah Mehsud. Talat Masood, a retired Pakistani lieutenant general and an authority on security issues, says that the U. S. But, given that many of the targeted Pakistani Taliban figures were obscure in U. To learn more, visit our Privacy Policy. |
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